Faculty Scholarship
Showing 461 - 470 of 733 Items
Measurement of the decay asymmetry parameters in Λc+ → Λπ+ and Λc+ → Σ+π0
Date: 1995-05-11
Creator: M. Bishai, J. Fast, E. Gerndt, J. W. Hinson, R. L., McIlwain, T. Miao, D. H. Miller, M. Modesitt, D. Payne, E. I. Shibata, I. P.J. Shipsey, P. N. Wang, M. Battle, J. Ernst, L. Gibbons, Y. Kwon, S. Roberts, E. H. Thorndike, C. H. Wang, J. Dominick, M. Lambrecht, S. Sanghera, V. Shelkov, T. Skwarnicki, R. Stroynowski, I. Volobouev, G. Wei, M. Artuso, M. Gao, M. Goldberg, D. He
Access: Open access
- We have measured the weak decay asymmetry parameters (αΛc) for two Λc+ decay modes. Our measurements are αΛc = -0.94-0.06-0.06+0.21+0.12 for the decay mode Λc+ → Λπ+ and αΛc = -0.45 ±0.31 ±0.06 for the decay mode Λc → Σ+ π0. By combining these measurements with the previously measured decay rates, we have extracted the parity-violating and parity-conserving amplitudes. These amplitudes are used to test models of nonleptonic charmed baryon decay. © 1995.
Study of the decay Λc+→λl+νl
Date: 1994-03-10
Creator: T. Bergfeld, B. I. Eisenstein, G. Gollin, B. Ong, M., Palmer, M. Selen, J. J. Thaler, A. J. Sadoff, R. Ammar, S. Ball, P. Baringer, A. Bean, D. Besson, D. Coppage, N. Copty, R. Davis, N. Hancock, M. Kelly, N. Kwak, H. Lam, Y. Kubota, M. Lattery, J. K. Nelson, D. Patton, D. Perticone, R. Poling, V. Savinov, S. Schrenk, R. Wang, M. S. Alam, I. J. Kim
Access: Open access
- Using the CLEO II detector at CESR we observe 500 Λl+ pairs consistent with the semileptonic decay Λc+ → λ+ν We measure σ(e+e- → Λ+cX) · B(Λ+c → Λl+νl) = 4.77±0.25±0.66 pb. Combining with the charm semileptonic width and the lifetime of the Λc we also obtain B(Λ+c → pK-π+). We find no evidence for Λl+νl final states in which there are additional Λ+c decay products. We measure the decay asymmetry parameter of Λ+c → Λe+νe to be αΛc = -0.89+0.17+0.09-0.11-0.05. © 1994.
Adjusting to Global change through clonal growth and epigenetic variation
Date: 2016-07-26
Creator: Richard S. Dodd, Vladimir Douhovnikoff
Access: Open access
- The earth is experiencing major changes in global and regional climates and changes are predicted to accelerate in the future. Many species will be under considerable pressure to evolve, to migrate, or be faced with extinction. Clonal plants would appear to be at a particular disadvantage due to their limited mobility and limited capacity for adaptation. However, they have outlived previous environmental shifts and clonal species have persisted for millenia. Clonal spread offers unique ecological advantages, such as resource sharing, risk sharing, and economies of scale among ramets within genotypes. We suggest that ecological attributes of clonal plants, in tandem with variation in gene regulation through epigenetic mechanisms that facilitate and optimize phenotype variation in response to environmental change may permit them to be well suited to projected conditions.
Similarities and differences in circuit responses to applied Gly 1 -SIFamide and peptidergic (Gly 1 -SIFamide) neuron stimulation
Date: 2019-03-01
Creator: Dawn M. Blitz, Andrew E. Christie, Aaron P. Cook, Patsy S. Dickinson, Michael P., Nusbaum
Access: Open access
- Similarities and differences in circuit responses to applied Gly 1 -SIFamide and peptidergic (Gly 1 -SIFamide) neuron stimulation. J Neurophysiol 121: 950 –972, 2019. First published January 16, 2019; doi:10.1152/jn.00567.2018.—Microcircuit modulation by peptides is well established, but the cellular/synaptic mechanisms whereby identified neurons with identified peptide transmitters modulate microcircuits remain unknown for most systems. Here, we describe the distribution of GYRKPPFNGSIFamide (Gly 1 -SIFamide) immunoreactivity (Gly 1 -SIFamide-IR) in the stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) of the crab Cancer borealis and the Gly 1 -SIFamide actions on the two feeding-related circuits in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG). Gly 1 -SIFamide-IR localized to somata in the paired commissural ganglia (CoGs), two axons in the nerves connecting each CoG with the STG, and the CoG and STG neuropil. We identified one Gly 1 -SIFamide-IR projection neuron innervating the STG as the previously identified modulatory commissural neuron 5 (MCN5). Brief (~10 s) MCN5 stimulation excites some pyloric circuit neurons. We now find that bath applying Gly 1 -SIFamide to the isolated STG also enhanced pyloric rhythm activity and activated an imperfectly coordinated gastric mill rhythm that included unusually prolonged bursts in two circuit neurons [inferior cardiac (IC), lateral posterior gastric (LPG)]. Furthermore, longer duration (±30 s) MCN5 stimulation activated a Gly 1 -SIFamide-like gastric mill rhythm, including prolonged IC and LPG bursting. The prolonged LPG bursting decreased the coincidence of its activity with neurons to which it is electrically coupled. We also identified local circuit feedback onto the MCN5 axon terminals, which may contribute to some distinctions between the responses to MCN5 stimulation and Gly 1 -SIFamide application. Thus, MCN5 adds to the few identified projection neurons that modulate a well-defined circuit at least partly via an identified neuropeptide transmitter and provides an opportunity to study peptide regulation of electrical coupled neurons in a functional context. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Limited insight exists regarding how identified peptidergic neurons modulate microcircuits. We show that the modulatory projection neuron modulatory commissural neuron 5 (MCN5) is peptidergic, containing Gly 1 -SIFamide. MCN5 and Gly 1 -SIFamide elicit similar output from two well-defined motor circuits. Their distinct actions may result partly from circuit feedback onto the MCN5 axon terminals. Their similar actions include eliciting divergent activity patterns in normally coactive, electrically coupled neurons, providing an opportunity to examine peptide modulation of electrically coupled neurons in a functional context.
Corrigendum to "controls on the movement and composition of firn air at the West Antarctic ice sheet divide"
Date: 2014-09-16
Creator: M. O. Battle, J. P. Severinghaus, E. D. Sofen, D. Plotkin, A. J., Orsi, M. Aydin, S. A. Montzka, T. Sowers, P. P. Tans
Access: Open access
Erratum: Measurement of the Tau lepton electronic branching fraction (Physical Review Letters (1993) 71, 20, (3395-3396))
Date: 1993-12-01
Creator: D. S. Akerib, B. Barish, M. Chadha, D. F. Cowen, G., Eigen, J. S. Miller, J. Urheim, A. J. Weinstein, D. Acosta, G. Masek, B. Ong, H. Paar, M. Sivertz, A. Bean, J. Gronberg, R. Kutschke, S. Menary, R. J. Morrison, H. N. Nelson, J. D. Richman, H. Tajima, D. Schmidt, D. Sperka, M. S. Witherell, M. Procario, S. Yang, M. Daoudi, W. T. Ford, D. R. Johnson, K. Lingel, M. Lohner
Access: Open access
The receptor tyrosine phosphatase Dlar and integrins organize actin filaments in the Drosophila follicular epithelium
Date: 2001-09-04
Creator: Jack Bateman, R. Srekantha Reddy, Haruo Saito, David Van Vactor
Access: Open access
- Background: Regulation of actin structures is instrumental in maintaining proper cytoarchitecture in many tissues. In the follicular epithelium of Drosophila ovaries, a system of actin filaments is coordinated across the basal surface of cells encircling the oocyte. These filaments have been postulated to regulate oocyte elongation; however, the molecular components that control this cytoskeletal array are not yet understood. Results: We find that the receptor tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP) Dlar and integrins are involved in organizing basal actin filaments in follicle cells. Mutations in Dlar and the common β-integrin subunit mys cause a failure in oocyte elongation, which is correlated with a loss of proper actin filament organization. Immunolocalization shows that early in oogenesis Dlar is polarized to membranes where filaments terminate but becomes generally distributed late in development, at which time β-integrin and Enabled specifically associate with actin filament terminals. Rescue experiments point to the early period of polar Dlar localization as critical for its function. Furthermore, clonal analysis shows that loss of Dlar or mys influences actin filament polarity in wild-type cells that surround mutant tissues, suggesting that communication between neighboring cells regulates cytoskeletal organization. Finally, we find that two integrin α subunits encoded by mew and if are required for proper oocyte elongation, implying that multiple components of the ECM are instructive in coordinating actin fiber polarity. Conclusions: Dlar cooperates with integrins to coordinate actin filaments at the basal surface of the follicular epithelium. To our knowledge, this is the first direct demonstration of an RPTP's influence on the actin cytoskeleton.
Luminosity measurement with the CLEO II detector
Date: 1994-07-01
Creator: G. Crawford, C. M. Daubenmier, R. Fulton, D. Fujino, K. K., Gan, K. Honscheid, H. Kagan, R. Kass, J. Lee, R. Malchow, Y. Skovpen, M. Sung, C. White, F. Butler, X. Fu, G. Kalbfleisch, W. R. Ross, P. Skubic, M. Wood, J. Fast, R. L. McIlwain, T. Miao, D. H. Miller, M. Modesitt, D. Payne, E. I. Shibata, I. P.J. Shipsey, P. N. Wang, M. Battle, J. Ernst, L. Gibbons
Access: Open access
- A measurement of absolute integrated luminosity is presented using the CLEO II detector operating at the CESR e+e- storage ring. Independent analyses of three different final states (e+e-, γγ, and μ+μ-) at √s {reversed tilde equals} 10 GeV normalize to the expected theoretical cross sections and correct for detection efficiencies. The resulting luminosities are measured with systematic errors of ±1.8%, ±1.6%, and ±2.2%, respectively, and are consistent with one another. The combined luminosity has a systematic error of ±1.0%. © 1994.
Functions of the ectodomain and cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphatase domains of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase Dlar in vivo
Date: 2003-10-01
Creator: Neil X. Krueger, R. Sreekantha Reddy, Karl Johnson, Jack Bateman, Nancy, Kaufmann, Daniella Scalice, David Van Vactor, Haruo Saito
Access: Open access
- The receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) Dlar has an ectodomain consisting of three immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains and nine fibronectin type III (FnIII) repeats and a cytoplasmic domain consisting of two PTPase domains, membrane-proximal PTP-D1 and C-terminal PTP-D2. A series of mutant Dlar transgenes were introduced into the Drosophila genome via P-element transformation and were then assayed for their capacity to rescue phenotypes caused by homozygous loss-of-function genotypes. The Ig-like domains, but not the FnIII domains, are essential for survival. Conversely, the FnIII domains, but not the Ig-like domains, are required during oogenesis, suggesting that different domains of the Dlar ectodomain are involved in distinct functions during Drosophila development. All detectable PTPase activity maps to PTP-D1 in vitro. The catalytically inactive mutants of Dlar were able to rescue Dlar -/- lethality nearly as efficiently as wild-type Dlar transgenes, while this ability was impaired in the PTP-D2 deletion mutants DlarΔPTP-D2 and Dlarbypass. Dlar-C1929S, in which PTP-D2 has been inactivated, increases the frequency of bypass phenotype observed in Dlar-/- genotypes, but only if PTP-D1 is catalytically active in the transgene. These results indicate multiple roles for PTP-D2, perhaps by acting as a docking domain for downstream elements and as a regulator of PTP-D1.
Targeted identification of glycosylated proteins in the gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori (Hp)
Date: 2013-09-01
Creator: Kanokwan Champasa, Scott A. Longwell, Aimee M. Eldridge, Elizabeth A. Stemmler, Danielle H., Dube
Access: Open access
- Virulence of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is directly linked to the pathogen's ability to glycosylate proteins; for example, Hp flagellin proteins are heavily glycosylated with the unusual nine-carbon sugar pseudaminic acid, and this modification is absolutely essential for Hp to synthesize functional flagella and colonize the host's stomach. Although Hp's glycans are linked to pathogenesis, Hp's glycome remains poorly understood; only the two flagellin glycoproteins have been firmly characterized in Hp. Evidence from our laboratory suggests that Hp synthesizes a large number of as-yet unidentified glycoproteins. Here we set out to discover Hp's glycoproteins by coupling glycan metabolic labeling with mass spectrometry analysis. An assessment of the subcellular distribution of azide-labeled proteins by Western blot analysis indicated that glycoproteins are present throughout Hp and may therefore serve diverse functions. To identify these species, Hp's azide-labeled glycoproteins were tagged via Staudinger ligation, enriched by tandem affinity chromatography, and analyzed by multidimensional protein identification technology. Direct comparison of enriched azide-labeled glycoproteins with a mock-enriched control by both SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry-based analyses confirmed the selective enrichment of azide-labeled glycoproteins. We identified 125 candidate glycoproteins with diverse biological functions, including those linked with pathogenesis. Mass spectrometry analyses of enriched azide-labeled glycoproteins before and after cleavage of O-linked glycans revealed the presence of Staudinger ligation-glycan adducts in samples only after beta-elimination, confirming the synthesis of O-linked glycoproteins in Hp. Finally, the secreted colonization factors urease alpha and urease beta were biochemically validated as glycosylated proteins via Western blot analysis as well as by mass spectrometry analysis of cleaved glycan products. These data set the stage for the development of glycosylation-based therapeutic strategies, such as new vaccines based on natively glycosylated Hp proteins, to eradicate Hp infection. Broadly, this report validates metabolic labeling as an effective and efficient approach for the identification of bacterial glycoproteins. © 2013 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.