Faculty Scholarship
Showing 631 - 640 of 733 Items
Psychometric Properties of a Self-Report Instrument for the Assessment of Tic Severity in Adults With Tic Disorders
Date: 2014-11-26
Creator: Amitai Abramovitch, Hannah Reese, Douglas W. Woods, Alan Peterson, Thilo, Deckersbach, John Piacentini, Lawrence Scahill, Sabine Wilhelm
Access: Open access
- The gold-standard measure of tic severity in tic disorders (TD), the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), is a semistructured clinician-administered interview that can be time consuming and requires highly trained interviewers. Moreover, the YGTSS does not provide information regarding frequency and intensity of specific tics because all motor and all vocal tics are rated as a group. The aim of the present study is to describe and test the Adult Tic Questionnaire (ATQ), a measure for the assessment of tic severity in adults, and to report its preliminary psychometric properties. The ATQ is a brief self-report questionnaire that provides information regarding frequency, intensity, and severity of 27 specific tics. In addition, the ATQ produces total frequency, intensity, and severity scores for vocal and motor tics, as well as a global total tic severity score. Results showed that the ATQ demonstrated very good internal consistency and temporal stability. The total, vocal, and motor tic severity scales of the ATQ showed strong correlation with corresponding subscales of the YGTSS, indicating strong convergent validity. Weak correlations with measures of severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, indicated strong discriminant validity. The ATQ, a promising measure for the assessment of tic severity in adults with TD, may be a valuable supplement to the current recommended assessment battery for TD. Furthermore, the ATQ enables clinicians and researchers to track changes in the frequency and intensity of specific tics, which is important given their complex and dynamic nature.
Walking versus breathing: Mechanical differentiation of sea urchin podia corresponds to functional specialization
Date: 2000-01-01
Creator: Holly A. Leddy, Amy S. Johnson
Access: Open access
- The podia of sea urchins function in locomotion, adhesion, feeding, and respiration; but different podia on a single urchin are often specialized to one or more of these tasks. We examined the morphology and material properties of podia of the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, to determine whether, despite apparent similarities, they achieve functional specialization along the oral-aboral axis through the differentiation of distinct mechanical properties. We found that oral podia, which are used primarily for locomotion and adhesion, are stronger and thicker than aboral podia, which are used primarily for capturing drift material and as a respiratory surface. The functional role of ambital podia is more ambiguous; however, they are longer and are extended at a lower strain rate than other podial types. They are also stronger and stiffer than aboral podia. In addition, all podia become stronger and stiffer when extended at faster strain rates, in some cases by nearly an order of magnitude for an order of magnitude change in strain rate. This strain-rate dependence implies that resistance to rapid loading such as that imposed by waves is high compared to resistance to slower, self-imposed loads. Thus, the serially arranged podia of S. droebachiensis are functionally specialized along an oral-aboral axis by differences in their morphology and mechanical properties.
Probing the National Geoscience Faculty Survey for Reported Use of Practices that Support Inclusive Learning Environments in Undergraduate Courses
Date: 2019-07-17
Creator: Rachel J. Beane, Karen S. McNeal, R. Heather Macdonald
Access: Open access
- What is the extent to which college and university geoscience faculty report using education practices that contribute to more inclusive learning environments and engage a diverse population of students? In the 2016 National Geoscience Faculty Survey, faculty answered questions about their practices in a specific introductory or major course they had taught in the previous two years, and about how they share and learn about the content and methods used in their teaching. Based on factor analysis, 22 of the survey questions divided into four categories associated with inclusive teaching practices: geoscientist representations, curricular choices, learning strategies, and career pathways. The self-reported use of practices across these four categories varies greatly, with some used by as many as 71% of faculty respondents whereas others by only 8%. These data provide new information on the current state of teaching practices in the geosciences with regard to inclusive practices, and establish a baseline to which responses from future surveys may be compared. Univariate general modeling combined with ANOVA tests on the responses to the questions shows that education practices differ based on variables such as teaching style, communication with colleagues, years of teaching experience, faculty type, institution type, class size, and course type (introductory or major). These differences suggest opportunities for focused geoscience faculty development around education practices that support the success of a diverse population of undergraduate students and the enhancement of inclusive learning environments in the geosciences.
Design and Impact of the National Workshop for Early Career Geoscience Faculty
Date: 2020-02-12
Creator: Rachel J. Beane, Ellen R. Altermatt, Ellen R. Iverson, R. Heather Macdonald
Access: Open access
- The National Association of Geoscience Teachers’ Workshop for Early Career Geoscience Faculty: Teaching, Research, and Managing One’s Career has been offered annually since 1999. The five-day workshop with accompanying web resources employs a “whole faculty” approach to support geoscience faculty members during their transition into academic careers. More than 1,000 faculty members (53% female, 47% male) have attended the national workshop; 52% from doctoral-granting institutions, 15% master’s, 28% bachelor’s, and 5% associates. Evidence-based instructional practices are shared and modeled during workshop sessions. Situated learning theory grounds the workshop design and promotes the development of a community of practice. Examination of the 2016 National Geoscience Faculty Survey data using univariate analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) showed that workshop alumni report spending more class time on student activities, questions, and discussion than faculty members who did not participate in the workshop, particularly on small group discussions or think-pair-share and in-class exercises (for introductory courses p < .05; for majors courses p < .001). Workshop alumni also were more likely than faculty who did not participate to report feeling part of a geoscience community that shares their goals, philosophy, and values for geoscience education (p < .01), more likely to report that interactions with this community help them to become better educators (p < .001), and more likely to attend talks on teaching methods or science education (p < .001). Although causality cannot be established without random assignment, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that this discipline-based workshop with its holistic approach is effective at promoting evidence-based teaching strategies and a community of practice.
Information-Processing Approaches to Understanding Anxiety Disorders
Date: 2008-09-04
Creator: Richard J. McNally, Hannah E. Reese
Access: Open access
- Experimental psychopathologists have used cognitive psychology paradigms to elucidate information-processing biases in the anxiety disorders. A vast literature now suggests that patients with anxiety disorders are characterized by an attentional bias for threatening information and a bias toward threatening interpretations of ambiguous information. A memory bias favoring recall of threatening information occurs in panic disorder, but rarely in other anxiety disorders. New treatments involving the experimental modification of cognitive biases are promising.
Maintenance of dynamic strain similarity and environmental stres factor in different flow habitats: Thallus allometry and material properties of a giant kelp
Date: 1994-01-01
Creator: A. S. Johnson, M. A.R. Koehl
Access: Open access
A dominant allele of arabidopsis pectin-binding wall-associated kinase induces a stress response suppressed by MPK6 but not MPK3 mutations
Date: 2012-01-01
Creator: Bruce D. Kohorn, Susan L. Kohorn, Tanya Todorova, Gillian Baptiste, Kevin, Stansky, Meghan McCullough
Access: Open access
- The plant cell wall is composed of a matrix of cellulose fibers, flexible pectin polymers, and an array of assorted carbohydrates and proteins. The receptor-like Wall-Associated Kinases (WAKs) of Arabidopsis bind pectin in the wall, and are necessary both for cell expansion during development and for a response to pathogens and wounding. Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MPKs) form a major signaling link between cell surface receptors and both transcriptional and enzyme regulation in eukaryotes, and Arabidopsis MPK6 and MPK3 indeed have important roles in development and the response to stress and pathogens. A dominant allele of WAK2 requires kinase activity and activates a stress response that includes an increased ROS accumulation and the up-regulation of numerous genes involved in pathogen resistance, wounding, and cell wall biogenesis. This dominant allele requires a functional pectin binding and kinase domain, indicating that it is engaged in a WAK signaling pathway. A null mutant of the major plasma membrane ROS-producing enzyme complex, rbohd/f does not suppress the WAK2cTAP-induced phenotype. A mpk6, but not a mpk3, null allele is able to suppress the effects of this dominant WAK2 mutation, thus distinguishing MPK3 and MPK6, whose activity previously was thought to be redundant. Pectin activation of gene expression is abated in a wak2-null, but is tempered by the WAK-dominant allele that induces elevated basal stress-related transcript levels. The results suggest a mechanism in which changes to the cell wall can lead to a large change in cellular responses and help to explain how pathogens and wounding can have general effects on growth. The Author 2011. Published by the Molecular Plant Shanghai Editorial Office in association with Oxford University Press on behalf of CSPB and IPPE, SIBS, CAS.2011 © The Author 2011. Published by the Molecular Plant Shanghai Editorial Office in association with Oxford University Press on behalf of CSPB and IPPE, SIBS, CAS.
Pectin dependent cell adhesion restored by a mutant microtubule organizing membrane protein
Date: 2021-04-01
Creator: Bruce D. Kohorn, Jacob Dexter-Meldrum, Frances D.H. Zorensky, Salem Chabout, Gregory, Mouille, Susan Kohorn
Access: Open access
- The cellulose-and pectin-rich plant cell wall defines cell structure, mediates defense against pathogens, and facilitates plant cell adhesion. An adhesion mutant screen of Arabidopsis hypocotyls identified a new allele of QUASIMODO2 (QUA2), a gene required for pectin accumulation and whose mutants have reduced pectin content and adhesion defects. A suppressor of qua2 was also isolated and describes a null allele of SABRE (SAB), which encodes a previously described plasma membrane protein required for longitudinal cellular expansion that organizes the tubulin cytoskeleton. sab mutants have increased pectin content, increased levels of expression of pectin methylesterases and extensins, and reduced cell surface area relative to qua2 and Wild Type, con-tributing to a restoration of cell adhesion.
Microblogging Practices of Virtual Organizations: Commonalities and Contrasts
Date: 2013-04-12
Creator: Jing Wang
Access: Open access
- Microblogging is becoming increasingly pervasive in computer-supported collaboration, attracting various types of users. Organizations, as one type, are willing to leverage this social media service for their operation, but lack guidance of how to effectively manage their organizational microblogs. However, research on microblogging practices at organizational level, especially in virtual organizations, is very limited. To enhance the understanding of how virtual organizations use microblogs in similar and different ways, we investigate microblogging practices of two virtual organizations by examining the content characteristics of their Twitter posts. We identify eleven categories of microblog themes of three dimensions, consisting of both common and different categories between the two organizations. We further enumerate their potential impacts on organizational context, discuss differences between the two organizations, and compare these organizational practices with personal ones.
Climate change and health costs of air emissions from biofuels and gasoline
Date: 2009-02-10
Creator: Jason Hill, Stephen Polasky, Erik Nelson, David Tilman, Hong, Huo, Lindsay Ludwig, James Neumann, Haochi Zheng, Diego Bonta
Access: Open access
- Environmental impacts of energy use can impose large costs on society. We quantify and monetize the life-cycle climate-change and health effects of greenhouse gas (GHG) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions from gasoline, corn ethanol, and cellulosic ethanol. For each billion ethanol-equivalent gallons of fuel produced and combusted in the US, the combined climate-change and health costs are $469 million for gasoline, $472-952 million for corn ethanol depending on biorefinery heat source (natural gas, corn stover, or coal) and technology, but only $123-208 million for cellulosic ethanol depending on feedstock (prairie biomass, Miscanthus, corn stover, or switchgrass). Moreover, a geographically explicit life-cycle analysis that tracks PM2.5 emissions and exposure relative to U.S. population shows regional shifts in health costs dependent on fuel production systems. Because cellulosic ethanol can offer health benefits from PM2.5 reduction that are of comparable importance to its climate-change benefits from GHG reduction, a shift from gasoline to cellulosic ethanol has greater advantages than previously recognized. These advantages are critically dependent on the source of land used to produce biomass for biofuels, on the magnitude of any indirect land use that may result, and on other as yet unmeasured environmental impacts of biofuels. © 2009 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA.