Honors Projects

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Miniature of Identity Formation in the Lebanese-American Christian Diaspora
Identity Formation in the Lebanese-American Christian Diaspora

Date: 2024-01-01

Creator: Matthew Cesar Audi

Access: Open access

Since the late 1800s, people have immigrated to the United states from Lebanon and Syria, and the community’s racial and ethnic position within the United States has been contested ever since. Previous research emphasizes that while people from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are legally classified as “white” on the U.S. Census. However, many people from the region do not identify as white, and they often face discrimination or threats of violence. For people of Arab and Christian backgrounds this is further complicated because they are a part of the majority through their religion, but part of a minority through their ethnic background. In addition, media depictions of MENAs tend to be homogenizing and stereotypical. This thesis attempts to fill a gap in literature on Christian Lebanese American identities by conducting ethnographic interviews with Lebanese-Americans from a variety of generations. It pulls from theories of diaspora and race, emphasizing the importance of context and migration trajectories when understanding Lebanese American identities. My findings demonstrate wide-ranging diversity in how Christian Lebanese-Americans understand and articulate identity due to three major factors: divergent migrant pathways in multiple countries, generational difference given changing racial politics in the U.S., and generational difference given the impacts of U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East upon young Lebanese-Americans.
Miniature of A Machine Learning Approach to Sector Based Market Efficiency
A Machine Learning Approach to Sector Based Market Efficiency

Date: 2023-01-01

Creator: Angus Zuklie

Access: Open access

In economic circles, there is an idea that the increasing prevalence of algorithmic trading is improving the information efficiency of electronic stock markets. This project sought to test the above theory computationally. If an algorithm can accurately forecast near-term equity prices using historical data, there must be predictive information present in the data. Changes in the predictive accuracy of such algorithms should correlate with increasing or decreasing market efficiency. By using advanced machine learning approaches, including dense neural networks, LSTM, and CNN models, I modified intra day predictive precision to act as a proxy for market efficiency. Allowing for the basic comparisons of the weak form efficiency of four sectors over the same time period: utilities, healthcare, technology and energy. Finally, Within these sectors, I was able to detect inefficiencies in the stock market up to four years closer to modern day than previous studies.
Miniature of Host and symbiont-specific patterns of gene expression in response to cold stress in the temperate coral <i>Astrangia poculata</i>
Host and symbiont-specific patterns of gene expression in response to cold stress in the temperate coral Astrangia poculata

Date: 2023-01-01

Creator: Kellie Navarro

Access: Open access

The coral Astrangia poculata inhabits hard-bottom environments from the Gulf of Mexico to Massachusetts and withstands large seasonal variation in temperature (–2 to 26 °C). This thermal range and its ability to live in a facultative symbiosis makes this species an ideal model system for investigating stress responses to ocean temperature variation. Although it has been shown that aposymbiotic A. poculata upregulates more genes in response to cold stress than heat stress, the transcriptomic response of the holobiont (coral host and symbiotic algae) to stress is unknown. In this study, we characterize changes in gene expression in both the host and symbionts under cold stress (6ºC) and ambient (12ºC) seawater temperatures. We use RNAseq to visualize how patterns of global gene expression change in response to these temperatures within the transcriptomes of replicate corals (n=10, each temperature) and their symbiont partners. By filtering the holobiont assembly for known coral host and symbiont genes, we contrasted patterns of differential expression (DE) for each partner and the functional processes for each set of DE genes. Differential gene expression analyses revealed that the cnidarian coral host responds strongly to cold stress, while algal symbionts did not have a significant stress response. In the coral host, we found up-regulation of biological processes associated with DNA repair, immunity, and maintaining cellular homeostasis as well as downregulation of mechanisms associated with DNA repair and RNA splicing, indicating inhibition of necessary cellular processes due to environmental stress.
Miniature of Neurophysiological Effects of Temperature on the Mammalian Spinal Central Pattern Generator (CPG) Network for Locomotion
Neurophysiological Effects of Temperature on the Mammalian Spinal Central Pattern Generator (CPG) Network for Locomotion
Access to this record is restricted to members of the Bowdoin community. Log in here to view.
  • Restriction End Date: 2026-06-01

    Date: 2023-01-01

    Creator: Eliza M. Rhee

    Access: Access restricted to the Bowdoin Community

      Miniature of The combinatorial effects of temperature and salinity on the nervous system of the American lobster, <i>Homarus americanus</i>
      The combinatorial effects of temperature and salinity on the nervous system of the American lobster, Homarus americanus

      Date: 2024-01-01

      Creator: Katrina Carrier

      Access: Open access

      The ability of nervous systems to maintain function when exposed to global perturbations in temperature and salinity is a non-trivial task. The nervous system of the American lobster (H. americanus), a marine osmoconformer and poikilotherm, must be robust to these stressors, as they frequently experience fluctuations in both. I characterized the effects of temperature on the output of the pyloric circuit, a central pattern generator in the stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) that controls food filtration and established the maximum temperature that neurons in this circuit can withstand without “crashing” (ceasing to function but recovering when returned to normal conditions). I established a range of saline concentrations that did not cause the system to crash, and then determined whether combinatorial changes in temperature and salinity concentrations alter the maximum temperature the system tolerated. Even as burst frequency increased as temperature increased, phase constancy was observed. Interestingly, the system crashed at higher temperatures upon exposure to lower saline concentrations and lower temperatures in higher saline concentrations. I also established the range of saline concentrations that the lobster’s whole heart and cardiac ganglion (CG), the nervous system that controls the lobster’s heartbeat, can withstand. Then, I examined whether exposure to altered salinity and elevated temperature alters the crash temperature of the whole heart and CG. The CG crashed at higher temperatures than the whole heart in each saline concentration. Like the STNS, the whole heart and CG both crashed at higher temperatures in lower saline concentrations and higher temperatures in lower saline concentrations.
      Miniature of The Body Negotiating Unprecedented Movement
      The Body Negotiating Unprecedented Movement

      Date: 2024-01-01

      Creator: Mei Bock

      Access: Open access

      A collection of poems exploring threads including the Lower East Side, immigration, stray animals, art, and Chinese-American identity.
      Miniature of ELMO, A Possible Pectin Biosynthesis Scaffold
      ELMO, A Possible Pectin Biosynthesis Scaffold
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          Date: 2023-01-01

          Creator: Nuoya (Laura) Yang

          Access: Access restricted to the Bowdoin Community

            Miniature of An Analysis of Tidal Mixing Front Dynamics and Frontal Biophysical Interaction in the Harpswell Sound Shelf Sea
            An Analysis of Tidal Mixing Front Dynamics and Frontal Biophysical Interaction in the Harpswell Sound Shelf Sea

            Date: 2023-01-01

            Creator: Lemona Yingzhuo Niu

            Access: Open access

            Tidal Mixing Fronts (TMFs) are prominent hydrographic features of tidally energetic shallow shelf seas, representing the transition from mixed to stratified waters. These frontal boundaries often host enhanced phytoplankton primary productivity, as complete vertical mixing exhumes nutrients from depth to the light-lit surface. Existing observational programs for locating TMFs include infra-red satellite imagery of sea surface temperature (SST) and vertical profiling of temperature and density. However, challenges in observationally distinguishing mixed from mixing using only conservatively mixed hydrographic properties persist. A novel approach based on phytoplankton in-situ oxygen production response to light is proposed in this paper to distinguish stable mixed from actively mixing regimes, and thus to identify remnant versus active TMFs. This project focuses on Harpswell Sound, a shallow (< 40m) coastal reverse estuary, as a case study of TMF dynamics. Our data unambiguously reveal the cross-shelf structure of active, mixed, and stratified regimes. Competition between wind mixing and buoyancy due to solar heating and river plumes were found to be the primary drivers of the active and remnant front locations, while tidal currents were a secondary driver. Such dynamism explains both the temporally variable and spatially patchy phytoplankton blooms observed in the shallow shelf sea environment of Harpswell Sound.
            Miniature of Peripheral modulation of cardiac contractions in the American lobster, <i>Homarus americanus</i>, by the peptide myosuppressin is mediated by effects on the cardiac muscle itself
            Peripheral modulation of cardiac contractions in the American lobster, Homarus americanus, by the peptide myosuppressin is mediated by effects on the cardiac muscle itself

            Date: 2023-01-01

            Creator: Isabel Stella Petropoulos

            Access: Open access

            A substantial factor for behavioral flexibility is modulation — largely via neuropeptides — which occurs at multiple sites including neurons, muscles, and the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Complex modulation distributed across multiple sites provides an interesting question: does modulation at multiple locations lead to greater dynamics than one receptor site alone? The cardiac neuromuscular system of the American lobster (Homarus americanus), driven by a central pattern generator called the cardiac ganglion (CG), is a model system for peptide modulation. The peptide myosuppressin (pQDLDHVFLRFamide) has been shown in the whole heart to decrease contraction frequency, largely due to its effects on the CG, as well as increase contraction amplitude by acting on periphery of the neuromuscular system, either at the cardiac muscle, the NMJ, or both. This set of experiments addresses the location(s) at which myosuppressin exerts its effects at the periphery. To elucidate myosuppressin’s effects on the cardiac muscle, the CG was removed, and muscle contractions were stimulated with L-glutamate while superfusing myosuppressin. Myosuppressin increased glutamate-evoked contraction amplitude in the isolated muscle, suggesting that myosuppressin exerts its peripheral effects directly on the cardiac muscle. To examine effects on the NMJ, excitatory junction potentials were evoked by stimulating of the motor nerve and intracellularly recording a single muscle fiber both in control saline and in the presence of myosuppressin. Myosuppressin did not modulate the amplitude of EJPs suggesting myosuppressin acts at the muscle and not at the NMJ, to cause an increase in contraction amplitude.
            Miniature of Beyond Religion: Reframing Liberal Democracy’s Treatment of Exemptions Within the Public-Private Separation
            Beyond Religion: Reframing Liberal Democracy’s Treatment of Exemptions Within the Public-Private Separation
            This record is embargoed.
              • Embargo End Date: 2027-05-16

              Date: 2024-01-01

              Creator: Julianna Brown

              Access: Embargoed

                Biochemistry Neuroscience and Neurobiology Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Arts and Humanities Biology American Politics Life Sciences Marine Biology Molecular Biology Homarus americanus Comparative Politics Genetics Social and Cultural Anthropology Artificial Intelligence and Robotics International Relations Plant Biology Political History United States History Creative Writing Fiction Gulf of Maine Cell Biology Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Social and Behavioral Sciences Systems Neuroscience Arabidopsis Behavioral Neurobiology Bioinformatics English Language and Literature Maine Molecular Genetics cardiac ganglion Behavioral Economics Cellular and Molecular Physiology Climate Machine Learning Physical Chemistry Political Theory gender neuromodulation Analytical Chemistry Asian American Studies Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Environmental Chemistry Genetics and Genomics Helicobacter pylori Organic Chemistry Physical Sciences and Mathematics central 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