Showing 2561 - 2570 of 5708 Items
Cross-cultural temperamental differences in infants, children, and adults in the United States of America and Finland
Date: 2012-04-01
Creator: Larissa M. Gaias, Katri Räikkönen, Niina Komsi, Maria A. Gartstein, Philip A., Fisher, Samuel P. Putnam
Access: Open access
- Cross-cultural differences in temperament were investigated between infants (n=131, 84 Finns), children (n=653, 427 Finns), and adults (n=759, 538 Finns) from the United States of America and Finland. Participants from both cultures completed the Infant Behavior Questionnaire, Childhood Behavior Questionnaire and the Adult Temperament Questionnaire. Across all ages, Americans received higher ratings on temperamental fearfulness than Finnish individuals, and also demonstrated higher levels of other negative affects at several time points. During infancy and adulthood, Finns tended to score higher on positive affect and elements of temperamental effortful control. Gender differences consistent with prior studies emerged cross-culturally, and were found to be more pronounced in the US during childhood and in Finland during adulthood. © 2012 The Authors. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology © 2012 The Scandinavian Psychological Associations.
Exuberant and inhibited toddlers: Stability of temperament and risk for problem behavior
Date: 2008-03-01
Creator: Cynthia A. Stifter, Samuel Putnam, Laudan Jahromi
Access: Open access
- Temperament, effortful control, and problem behaviors at 4.5 years were assessed in 72 children classified as exuberant, inhibited, and low reactive as 2-year-olds. Exuberant toddlers were more positive, socially responsive to novel persons, less shy, and rated as having more problem behaviors, including externalizing and internalizing behaviors, than other children as preschoolers. Two forms of effortful control, the ability to delay a response and the ability to produce a subdominant response, were associated with fewer externalizing behaviors, whereas expressing more negative affect (relative to positive/neutral affect) when disappointed was related to more internalizing behaviors. Interaction effects implicated high levels of unregulated emotion during disappointment as a risk factor for problem behaviors in exuberant children. © 2008 Cambridge University Press.
Bowdoin Stories
- The individual narrative of each Bowdoin student is central to defining the College. Bowdoin Stories began in 2015 as a collection of short interviews between Bowdoin students, to give each of them an opportunity to become part of Bowdoin’s history while still on campus. In Spring 2020, Bowdoin Stories was relaunched as a platform where all members of the Bowdoin community can contribute stories about their experiences with COVID-19.
Ivette Pala '16 and Zachary Watson '16 Interview Each Other
Date: 2016-01-01
Creator: Zachary Watson, Ivette Pala
Access: Open access
Who benefits? How interest-convergence shapes benefit-sharing and indigenous rights to sustainable livelihoods in Russia
Date: 2020-11-01
Creator: Maria S. Tysiachniouk, Laura A. Henry, Svetlana A. Tulaeva, Leah S. Horowitz
Access: Open access
- The paper examines interactions of oil companies and reindeer herders in the tundra of the Russian Arctic. We focus on governance arrangements that have an impact on the sustainability of oil production and reindeer herding. We analyze a shift in benefit-sharing arrangements between oil companies and Indigenous Nenets reindeer herders in Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO), Russia, as an evolution of the herders’ rights, defined as the intertwined co-production of legal processes, ideologies, and power relations. Semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and document analysis demonstrate that in NAO, benefit-sharing shifted from paternalism (dependent on herders’ negotiation skills) to company-centered social responsibility (formalized compensation rules). This shift was enabled by the adoption of a formal methodology for calculating income lost due to extractive projects and facilitated by the regional government’s efforts to develop reindeer-herding. While laws per se did not change, herders’ ability to access compensation and markets increased. This paper shows that even when ideologies of indigeneity are not influential, the use of existing laws and convergence of the government’s and Indigenous groups’ economic interests may shift legal processes and power relations toward greater rights for Indigenous groups.
Private forest governance, public policy impacts: The Forest Stewardship Council in Russia and Brazil
Date: 2017-11-16
Creator: Lisa Mc Intosh Sundstrom, Laura A. Henry
Access: Open access
- Under what conditions do private forest governance standards influence state policy and behavior to become more oriented toward sustainability? We argue that governance schemes targeting firms may indirectly shape state behavior, even when designed to bypass state regulation. Through an examination of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) in Russia and Brazil, we find that the FSC has influenced domestic rhetoric, laws, and enforcement practices. FSC has had a more disruptive and consequential impact on Russia's domestic forest governance; in Brazil, earlier transnational environmental campaigns had already begun to shift domestic institutions toward sustainability. Based on interview data and textual analysis of FSC and government documents, we identify the mechanisms of indirect FSC influence on states-professionalization, civil society mobilization, firm lobbying, and international market pressure, and argue that they are likely to be activated under conditions of poor and decentralized governance, overlapping and competing regulations and high foreign market demand for exports.