Showing 2201 - 2250 of 5840 Items
Date: 2000-01-01
Creator: Nalini M. Nadkarni, Nathaniel T. Wheelwright
Access: Open access
- The Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve has captured the worldwide attention of biologists, conservationists, and ecologists and has been the setting for extensive investigation over the past 40 years. Roughly 40,000 ecotourists visit the Cloud Forest each year, and it is often considered the archetypal high-altitude rain forest. Featuring synthetic chapters and specific accounts written by more than 100 biologists and local residents, the 573-page book documents in a single volume everything known about the biological diversity of Monteverde, Costa Rica, and how to protect it. New short chapters which update and expand the research presented in the 2000 Oxford publication were written in 2014 and are now available.
Date: 2020-01-22
Creator: Madeleine E. Msall, Paulo V. Santos
Access: Open access
- Focusing microcavities for surface acoustic waves (SAWs) produce highly localized strain and piezoelectric fields that can dynamically control excitations in nanostructures. Focusing transducers (FIDTs) that generate SAW beams that match nanostructure dimensions require pattern correction due to diffraction and wave-velocity anisotropy. The anisotropy correction is normally implemented by adding a quadratic term to the dependence of the wave velocity on the propagation angle. We show that a SAW focusing to a diffraction-limited size in GaAs requires corrections that more closely follow the group-velocity wave front, which is not a quadratic function. Optical interferometric mapping of the resultant SAW displacement field reveals tightly focused SAW beams on GaAs with a minimal beam waist. An additional set of Gouy-phase-corrected passive fingers creates an acoustic microcavity in the focal region with a small volume and a high quality factor. Our λSAW=5.6μm FIDTs are expected to scale well to the approximately 500-nm wavelength regime needed to study strong coupling between vibrations and electrons in electrostatic GaAs quantum dots.
Date: 2014-06-07
Creator: Kenneth A. Dennison, Thomas W. Baumgarte
Access: Open access
- We describe a simple family of analytical coordinate systems for the Schwarzschild spacetime. The coordinates penetrate the horizon smoothly and are spatially isotropic. Spatial slices of constant coordinate time t feature a trumpet geometry with an asymptotically cylindrical end inside the horizon at a prescribed areal radius R0 (with 0 < R0 M) that serves as the free parameter for the family. The slices also have an asymptotically flat end at spatial infinity. In the limit R0 = 0 the spatial slices lose their trumpet geometry and become flat - in this limit, our coordinates reduce to Painlevé- Gullstrand coordinates. © 2014 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Date: 2002-01-01
Creator: M. Saijo, T.W. Baumgarte, S.L. Shapiro, M. Shibata
Access: Open access
Date: 2004-01-01
Creator: I.A. Morrison, T.W. Baumgarte, S.L. Shapiro, V.R. Pandharipande
Access: Open access
Date: 1991-01-01
Creator: R. Morrison, D. Schmidt, M. Procario, D. R. Johnson, K., Lingel, P. Rankin, J. G. Smith, J. Alexander, M. Artuso, C. Bebek, K. Berkelman, D. Besson, T. E. Browder, D. G. Cassel, E. Cheu, D. M. Coffman, P. S. Drell, R. Ehrlich, R. S. Galik, M. Garcia-Sciveres, B. Geiser, B. Gittelman, S. W. Gray, D. L. Hartill, B. K. Heltsley, K. Honscheid, J. Kandaswamy, N. Katayama, D. L. Kreinick, J. D. Lewis, G. S. Ludwig
Access: Open access
- Using the CsI calorimeter of the CLEO II detector, the spin triplet b(2P) states are observed in (3S) radiative decays with much higher statistics than seen in previous experiments. The observed mass splittings are not described well by theoretical models, while the relative branching ratios agree with predictions that include relativistic corrections to the radiative transition rates. © 1991 The American Physical Society.
Date: 1991-01-01
Creator: Y. Kubota, J. K. Nelson, D. Perticone, R. Poling, S., Schrenk, G. Crawford, R. Fulton, T. Jensen, D. R. Johnson, H. Kagan, R. Kass, R. Malchow, F. Morrow, J. Whitmore, P. Wilson, D. Bortoletto, D. Brown, J. Dominick, R. L. McIlwain, D. H. Miller, M. Modesitt, C. R. Ng, S. F. Schaffner, E. I. Shibata, I. P.J. Shipsey, M. Battle, H. Kroha, K. Sparks, E. H. Thorndike, C. H. Wang, M. S. Alam
Access: Open access
- The spin alignment of D*+ mesons produced in e+e- annihilation at s=10.5 GeV is obtained from a study of the angular distribution of the decay D*+D0+. The alignment is studied as a function of momentum and compared to theoretical predictions. We find an average value of the spin alignment parameter of =0.040.020.01. We obtain a model-dependent measurement of the probability of producing a vector particle PV=0.770.020.01 for D mesons. © 1991 The American Physical Society.
Date: 1991-01-01
Creator: G. Crawford, R. Fulton, K. K. Gan, T. Jensen, D. R., Johnson, H. Kagan, R. Kass, R. Malchow, F. Morrow, J. Whitmore, P. Wilson, D. Bortoletto, D. Brown, J. Dominick, R. L. McIlwain, D. H. Miller, M. Modesitt, C. R. Ng, S. F. Schaffner, E. I. Shibata, I. P.J. Shipsey, M. Battle, P. Kim, H. Kroha, K. Sparks, E. H. Thorndike, C. H. Wang, M. S. Alam, I. J. Kim, B. Nemati, V. Romero
Access: Open access
- Using the CLEO detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we have performed a direct measurement of the ratio of D0 semileptonic branching fractions into vector and pseudoscalar final states. We find B(D0K*-e+e)B(D0K-e+e)=0.510.180.06, in agreement with the ratio derived by the E691 experiment which compares D+ and D0 final states. We also set an upper limit on the ratio B(D0*0-e+e)B(D0K*-e+e)<0.64 at 90% confidence level. © 1991 The American Physical Society.
Date: 1991-01-01
Creator: K. Kinoshita, F. M. Pipkin, M. Procario, Richard Wilson, J., Wolinski, D. Xiao, Y. Zhu, R. Ammar, P. Baringer, D. Coppage, R. Davis, P. Haas, M. Kelly, N. Kwak, Ha Lam, S. Ro, Y. Kubota, J. K. Nelson, D. Perticone, R. Poling, S. Schrenk, G. Crawford, R. Fulton, T. Jensen, D. R. Johnson, H. Kagan, R. Kass, R. Malchow, F. Morrow, J. Whitmore, P. Wilson
Access: Open access
- We have made measurements of decay modes of neutral D mesons into exclusive final states containing photons using data collected with the CLEO detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring. We report observation of D0'K-+-+0 (charge conjugates are implicit), and present new measurements of the branching ratios for D0'K-+0, D0'K0+0-, D0'K00, K*0, and D0'K0. Where possible, results are compared with theoretical predictions for two-body D0 decays. © 1991 The American Physical Society.
Date: 1992-01-01
Creator: S. Henderson, K. Kinoshita, F. Pipkin, M. Procario, M., Saulnier, R. Wilson, J. Wolinski, D. Xiao, R. Ammar, P. Baringer, D. Coppage, R. Davis, P. Haas, M. Kelly, N. Kwak, Ha Lam, S. Ro, Y. Kubota, J. K. Nelson, D. Perticone, R. Poling, S. Schrenk, G. Crawford, R. Fulton, T. Jensen, D. R. Johnson, H. Kagan, R. Kass, R. Malchow, F. Morrow, J. Whitmore
Access: Open access
- We report new measurements of semileptonic branching fractions of B mesons produced at the '(4S) resonance determined by fitting the inclusive electron and muon momentum spectra to different theoretical models. Using B(B»'X"-») to denote the average of the semileptonic branching fractions for B decay to electrons and muons, we obtain B(B»'X"-»)= (10.5±0.2±0.4)% using the refined free-quark model of Altarelli et al., and B(B»'X"-»)=(11.2±0.3±0.4)% using a modified version of the form-factor model of Isgur et al., in which the D**"-» contribution is allowed to float in the fit. The average of these two results is B(B»'X"-»)=(10.8±0. 2±0.4±0.4)%, where the errors are statistical, systematic uncertainties in the measurement, and systematic uncertainties associated with the theoretical models, respectively. Semileptonic branching fractions as low as this are difficult to accommodate in theoretical models where hadronic B-meson decays arise only from spectator diagrams. We use dilepton yields to limit the uncertainty in the semileptonic branching fraction due to the possible existence of non-BB» decays of the '(4S). In addition, we tag neutral B mesons using the decays B»0'D*+- and B»0'D*+"-» to obtain the first direct measurement of semileptonic branching fractions for neutral B mesons; the average of the electron and muon results for neutral B mesons is B(B»0'X"-»)=(9.9±3.0±0.9)%. © 1992 The American Physical Society.
Date: 2005-12-01
Creator: Michael L. Bender, David T. Ho, Melissa B. Hendricks, Robert Mika, Mark O., Battle, Pieter P. Tans, Thomas J. Conway, Blake Sturtevant, Nicolas Cassar
Access: Open access
- Improvements made to an established mass spectrometric method for measuring changes in atmospheric O2/N2 are described. With the improvements in sample handling and analysis, sample throughput and analytical precision have both increased. Aliquots from duplicate flasks are repeatedly measured over a period of 2 weeks, with an overall standard error in each flask of 3-4 per meg, corresponding to 0.6-0.8 ppm O2 in air. Records of changes in O2/N2 from six global sampling stations (Barrow, American Samoa, Cape Grim, Amsterdam Island, Macquarie Island, and Syowa Station) are presented. Combined with measurements Of CO2 from the same sample flasks, land and ocean carbon uptake were calculated from the three sampling stations with the longest records (Barrow, Samoa, and Cape Grim). From 1994-2002, We find the average CO2 uptake by the ocean and the land biosphere was 1.7 ± 0.5 and 1.0 ± 0.6 GtC yr -1 respectively; these numbers include a correction of 0.3 Gt C yr-l due to secular outgassing of ocean O2. Interannual variability calculated from these data shows a strong land carbon source associated with the 1997-1998 El Niño event, supporting many previous studies indicating that high atmospheric growth rates observed during most El Niño events reflect diminished land uptake. Calculations of interannual variability in land and ocean uptake are probably confounded by non-zero annual air sea fluxes of O2. The origin of these fluxes is not yet understood. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.
Date: 2008-06-30
Creator: X. Faïn, C. P. Ferrari, A. Dommergue, M. Albert, M., Battle, L. Arnaud, J. M. Barnola, W. Cairns, C. Barbante, C. Boutron
Access: Open access
- Gaseous Elemental Mercury (Hg° or GEM) was investigated at Summit Station, Greenland, in the interstitial air extracted from the perennial snowpack (firn) at depths ranging from the surface to 30 m, during summer 2005 and spring 2006. Photolytic production and destruction of Hg° were observed close to the snow surface during summer 2005 and spring 2006, and we observed dark oxidation of GEM up to 270 cm depth in June 2006. Photochemical transformation of gaseous elemental mercury resulted in diel variations in the concentrations of this gas in the near-surface interstitial air, but destruction of Hg° was predominant in June, and production was the main process in July. This seasonal evolution of the chemical mechanisms involving gaseous elemental mercury produces a signal that propagates downward through the firn air, but is unobservably small below 15 m in depth. As a consequence, multi-annual averaged records of GEM concentration should be well preserved in deep firn air at depths below 15 m, and available for the reconstruction of the past atmospheric history of GEM over the last decades.
Date: 2007-08-01
Creator: J. P. Eisenstein, D. Syphers, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. W. West
Access: Open access
- The quantum lifetime of two-dimensional holes in a GaAs/AlGaAs double quantum well is determined via tunneling spectroscopy. At low temperatures the lifetime is limited by impurity scattering but at higher temperatures hole-hole Coulomb scattering dominates. Our results are consistent with the Fermi liquid theory, at least up to rs = 11. At the highest temperatures the measured width of the hole spectral function becomes comparable to the Fermi energy. A new, tunneling-spectroscopic method for determining the in-plane effective mass of the holes is also demonstrated. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Date: 2009-09-22
Creator: Xavier Faïn, Christophe P. Ferrari, Aurélien Dommergue, Mary R. Albert, Mark, Battle, Jeff Severinghaus, Laurent Arnaud, Jean Marc Barnola, Warren Cairns, Carlo Barbante, Claude Boutron
Access: Open access
- Mercury (Hg) is an extremely toxic pollutant, and its biogeochemical cycle has been perturbed by anthropogenic emissions during recent centuries. In the atmosphere, gaseous elemental mercury (GEM; Hg°) is the predominant form of mercury (up to 95%). Here we report the evolution of atmospheric levels of GEM in mid- to high-northern latitudes inferred from the interstitial air of firn (perennial snowpack) at Summit, Greenland. GEM concentrations increased rapidly after World War II from ≈1.5 ng m-3 reaching a maximum of ≈3 ng m-3 around 1970 and decreased until stabilizing at ≈1.7 ng m -3 around 1995. This reconstruction reproduces real-time measurements available from the Arctic since 1995 and exhibits the same general trend observed in Europe since 1990. Anthropogenic emissions caused a two-fold rise in boreal atmospheric GEM concentrations before the 1970s, which likely contributed to higher deposition of mercury in both industrialized and remotes areas. Once deposited, this toxin becomes available for methylation and, subsequently, the contamination of ecosystems. Implementation of air pollution regulations, however, enabled a large-scale decline in atmospheric mercury levels during the 1980s. The results shown here suggest that potential increases in emissions in the coming decades could have a similar large-scale impact on atmospheric Hg levels.
Date: 2000-12-18
Creator: Isabel P. Ennes, Carlos Lozano, Stephen G. Naculich, Howard J. Schnitzer
Access: Open access
- We analyze the large N supergravity descriptions of the class of type IIB models T-dual to elliptic type IIA brane configurations containing two orientifold 6-planes and up to two NS 5-branes. The T-dual IIB configurations contain N D3-branes in the background of an orientifold 7-plane and, in some models, a Z2 orbifold and/or D7-branes, which give rise to four-dimensional N=2 (or N=4) gauge theories with at most two factors. We identify the chiral primary states of the supergravity theories, and match them to gauge invariant operators of the corresponding superconformal theories using Maldacena's duality. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.
Date: 1999-06-24
Creator: James H. Butler, Mark Battle, Michael L. Bender, Stephen A. Montzka, Andrew D., Clarke, Eric S. Saltzman, Cara M. Sucher, Jeffrey P. Severinghaus, James W. Elkins
Access: Open access
- Measurements of trace gases in air trapped in polar firn (unconsolidated snow) demonstrate that natural sources of chlorofluorocarbons, halons, persistent chlorocarbon solvents and sulphur hexafluoride to the atmosphere are minimal or non-existent. Atmospheric concentrations of these gases, reconstructed back to the late nineteenth century, are consistent with atmospheric histories derived from anthropogenic emission rates and known atmospheric lifetimes. The measurements confirm the predominance of human activity in the atmospheric budget of organic chlorine, and allow the estimation of atmospheric histories of halogenated gases of combined anthropogenic and natural origin. The pre-twentieth-century burden of methyl chloride was close to that at present, while the burden of methyl bromide was probably over half of today's value.
Date: 1999-07-01
Creator: R. L. Langenfelds, R. J. Francey, L. P. Steele, M. Battle, R. F., Keeling, W. F. Budd
Access: Open access
- O2/N2 is measured in the Cape Grim Air Archive (CGAA), a suite of tanks filled with background air at Cape Grim, Tasmania (40.7°S, 144.8°E) between April 1978 and January 1997. Derived trends are compared with published O2/N2 records and assessed against limits on interannual variability of net terrestrial exchanges imposed by trends of δ13C in CO2. Two old samples from 1978 and 1987 and eight from 1996/97 survive critical selection criteria and give a mean 19-year trend in δ(O2/N2) of -16.7 ± 0.5 per meg yr-1, implying net storage of +2.3 ± 0.7 GtC (1015 g carbon) yr-1 of fossil fuel CO2 in the oceans and +0.2 ± 0.9 GtC yr-1 in the terrestrial biosphere. The uptake terms are consistent for both O2/N2 and δ13C tracers if the mean 13C isotopic disequilibrium flux, combining terrestrial and oceanic contributions, is 93 ± 15 GtC ‰ yr-1. Copyright 1999 by the American Geophysical Union.
Date: 1995-01-01
Creator: R. Balest, K. Cho, T. Ford, D. R. Johnson, K., Lingel, M. Lohner, P. Rankin, J. G. Smith, J. P. Alexander, C. Bebek, K. Berkelman, K. Bloom, T. E. Browder, D. G. Cassel, H. A. Cho, D. M. Coffman, D. S. Crowcroft, P. S. Drell, D. Dumas, R. Ehrlich, P. Gaidarev, R. S. Galik, M. Garcia-Sciveres, B. Geiser, B. Gittelman, S. W. Gray, D. L. Hartill, B. K. Heltsley, S. Henderson, C. D. Jones, S. L. Jones
Access: Open access
- We consider the decay of Υ(1S) particles produced at CESR into a photon which is observed by the CLEO detector plus particles which are not seen. These could be real particles which fall outside of our acceptance, or particles which are noninteracting. We report the results of our search fo the process Υ(1S)→γ+''unseen'' for photon energies >1 GeV, obtaining limits for the case where ''unseen'' is either a single particle or a particle-antiparticle pair. Our upper limits represent the highest sensitivity measurements for such decays to date. © 1995 The American Physical Society.
Date: 2014-01-01
Creator: Stephen G. Naculich
Access: Open access
- Inspired by recent developments on scattering equations, we present a constructive procedure for computing symmetric, amplitude-encoded, BCJ numerators for n-point gauge-theory amplitudes, thus satisfying the three virtues identified by Broedel and Carrasco. We also develop a constructive procedure for computing symmetric, amplitude-encoded dual-trace functions τ for n-point amplitudes. These can be used to obtain symmetric kinematic numerators that automatically satisfy color-kinematic duality. The S n symmetry of n-point gravity amplitudes formed from these symmetric dual-trace functions is completely manifest. Explicit expressions for four- and five-point amplitudes are presented. © 2014 The Author(s).
Date: 2008-12-11
Creator: Stephen G. Naculich, Horatiu Nastase, Howard J. Schnitzer
Access: Open access
- We derive an ABDK-like relation between the one- and two-loop four-graviton amplitudes in N = 8 supergravity. Specifically we show that the infrared-divergent part of the two-loop amplitude is one-half the square of the one-loop amplitude, suggesting an exponential structure for IR divergences. The difference between the two-loop amplitude and one-half the square of the full one-loop amplitude is therefore finite, and expressible in a relatively simple form. We give arguments for generalizations to higher loops and n-point functions, suggesting that the exponential of the full one-loop amplitude may be corrected, to low orders, by only simple finite terms. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Date: 2003-08-01
Creator: Stephen G. Naculich, Howard J. Schnitzer, Niclas Wyllard
Access: Open access
- We study the matrix model/gauge theory connection for three different N =1 models: U(N) × U(N) with matter in bifundamental representations, U(N) with matter in the symmetric representation, and U (N) with matter in the antisymmetric representation. Using Ward identities, we explicitly show that the loop equations of the matrix models lead to cubic algebraic curves. We then establish the equivalence of the matrix model and gauge theory descriptions in two ways. First, we derive generalized Konishi anomaly equations in the gauge theories, showing that they are identical to the matrix-model equations. Second, we use a perturbative superspace analysis to establish the relation between the gauge theories and the matrix models. We find that the gauge coupling matrix for U (N) with matter in the symmetric or antisymmetric representations is not given by the second derivative of the matrix-model free energy. However, the matrix-model prescription can be modified to give the gauge coupling matrix. © SISSA/ISAS 2003.
Date: 1993-01-01
Creator: Stephen G. Naculich
Access: Open access
- Relations among fermion masses and mixing angles at the scale of grand unification are modified at lower energies by renormalization group running induced by gauge and Yukawa couplings. In super-symmetric theories, the b quark and lepton Yukawa couplings, as well as the t quark coupling, may cause significant running if tan, the ratio of Higgs field expectation values, is large. We present approximate analytic expressions for the scaling factors for fermion masses and CKM matrix elements induced by all three third generation Yukawa couplings. We then determine how running caused by the third generation of fermions affects the predictions arising from three possible forms for the Yukawa coupling matrices at the GUT scale: the Georgi-Jarlskog, Giudice, and Fritzsch textures. © 1993 The American Physical Society.
Date: 1992-01-01
Creator: Stephen G. Naculich
Access: Open access
- We examine solitons in theories with heavy fermions. These "quantum" solitons differ dramatically from semiclassical (perturbative) solitons because fermion loop effects are important when the Yukawa coupling is strong. We focus on kinks in a (1 + 1)-dimensional 4 theory coupled to fermions; a large-N expansion is employed to treat the Yukawa coupling g nonperturbatively. A local expression for the fermion vacuum energy is derived using the WKB approximation for the Dirac eigenvalues. We find that fermion loop corrections increase the energy of the kink and (for large g) decrease its size. For large g, the energy of the quantum kink is proportional to g, and its size scales as 1g, unlike the classical kink; we argue that these features are generic to quantum solitons in theories with strong Yukawa couplings. We also discuss the possible instability of fermions to solitons. © 1992 The American Physical Society.
Date: 1994-01-01
Creator: R. Ammar, S. Ball, P. Baringer, A. Bean, D., Besson, D. Coppage, N. Copty, R. Davis, N. Hancock, M. Kelly, N. Kwak, H. Lam, Y. Kubota, M. Lattery, J. K. Nelson, S. Patton, D. Perticone, R. Poling, V. Savinov, S. Schrenk, R. Wang, M. S. Alam, I. J. Kim, B. Nemati, J. J. O'Neill, H. Severini, C. R. Sun, M. M. Zoeller, G. Crawford, C. M. Daubenmier, R. Fulton
Access: Open access
- We have searched for B0 decays to two charged leptons and set 90% confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions: B(B0→e+e-)<5. 9×10-6, B(B0→μ+μ-)<5.9×10-6, B(B0→e±μ) <5.9×10-6, B(B0→e±τ)<5.3×10-4, and B(B0→μ±τ)<8.3×10-4. © 1994 The American Physical Society.
Date: 1994-01-01
Creator: M. Artuso, D. He, M. Goldberg, N. Horwitz, R., Kennett, G. C. Moneti, F. Muheim, Y. Mukhin, S. Playfer, Y. Rozen, S. Stone, M. Thulasidas, G. Vasseur, G. Zhu, J. Bartelt, S. E. Csorna, Z. Egyed, V. Jain, P. Sheldon, D. S. Akerib, B. Barish, M. Chadha, S. Chan, D. F. Cowen, G. Eigen, J. S. Miller, C. O'Grady, J. Urheim, A. J. Weinstein, D. Acosta, M. Athanas
Access: Open access
- A measurement of the cross section for γγ→pp̄ is performed at two-photon center-of-mass energies between 2.00 and 3.25 GeV. These results are obtained using e+e-→e+e-pp̄ events selected from 1.31 fb-1 of data taken with the CLEO II detector. The measured cross section is in reasonable agreement with previous measurements and is in excellent agreement with recent calculations based on a diquark model. However, leading order QCD calculations performed using the Brodsky-Lepage formalism are well below the measured cross section. © 1994 The American Physical Society.
Date: 1993-01-01
Creator: J. Bartelt, S. E. Csorna, Z. Egyed, V. Jain, D. S., Akerib, B. Barish, M. Chadha, S. Chan, D. F. Cowen, G. Eigen, J. S. Miller, C. O'Grady, J. Urheim, A. J. Weinstein, D. Acosta, M. Athanas, G. Masek, H. Paar, M. Sivertz, A. Bean, J. Gronberg, R. Kutschke, S. Menary, R. J. Morrison, S. Nakanishi, H. N. Nelson, T. K. Nelson, J. D. Richman, A. Ryd, H. Tajima, D. Schmidt
Access: Open access
- Using the CLEO II detector and a sample of 955 000 Υ(4S) decays we have confirmed charmless semileptonic decays of B mesons. In the momentum interval 2.3-2.6 GeV/c we observe an excess of 107±15±11 leptons, which we attribute to b→ulν. This result yields a model-dependent range of values for Vub/Vcb that is lower than has been obtained in previous studies. For the inclusive spectator model of Altarelli et al. we find Vub/Vcb=0.076±0.008. Models that describe b→ulν with a limited set of exclusive final states give Vub/Vcb=0.06-0.10. © 1993 The American Physical Society.
Date: 2023-04-11
Creator: Katharine Watson
Access: Open access
- Between 2008 and 2011, the Bowdoin College Library conducted an oral history project to create a collection of spoken recollections and personal impressions from individuals who have known George J. Mitchell in a variety of ways. These oral histories document his life and career from early childhood onward, with particular emphasis on his public service to Maine and to the nation, and they complement his personal papers, which are also held by Bowdoin College. Interviewees include Senator Mitchell's Waterville (Maine) friends and acquaintances; family members; college classmates; Maine legislators; political associates and competitors; campaign supporters; U.S. Senate colleagues and staff members; public agency officials; foreign policy specialists; law practice associates; public policy advocates; board members of various affiliations; and friends. Because oral history recordings are intrinsically informal, spontaneous, and candid, they characterize events and personalities in ways that are otherwise silent in the historical record. In particular, they capture personal knowledge and institutional memory about people, occasions, and processes that are rarely documented elsewhere. Thus, these oral histories provide an invaluable resource in understanding both the recent past and how individuals have played essential roles in shaping the present. TRANSCRIPT GUIDELINES Every attempt has been made to create transcripts that reflect the recorded interviews accurately. Interviewees were given the opportunity to edit their transcripts to correct errors of transcription and fact (often, for example, a recollection might have included a misremembered date or place), or to enhance clarity of expression. Additions and minor deletions or changes are indicated in the transcript by closed brackets ([ ]); more substantive omissions are noted as: [p/o] (i.e. “[phrase omitted]”). ATTRIBUTION These recordings and transcripts are provided for educational use, private study, and research. Brief quotations for academic purposes and other uses that fall within “fair use” (Title 17, United States Code) require proper attribution customary to the discipline or community. All other uses not protected by “fair use,” including derivation, publication, and reproduction, require written permission from Bowdoin College. In citing these interviews, specify the interviewee, interviewer, and interview date following the style found in the example below: George J. Mitchell, interview by Andrea L’Hommedieu, 10 May 2011, George J. Mitchell Oral History Project, Bowdoin College Library, Brunswick, Maine.
Date: 2009-09-29
Creator: Paul Sarbanes
Access: Open access
Biographial Note
Paul Sarbanes was born on February 3, 1933 in Salisbury, Maryland. He attended Princeton University and continued his studies at Balliol College of the University of Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar, then attended Harvard Law School. He served as a Democrat from Maryland in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1971 to 1977 and in the U.S. Senate from 1977 to 2007. He was the first Greek American senator and notably co-sponsored the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002, which strengthened corporate governance and created a federal oversight board for the accounting industry.
Summary
Interview includes discussion of: George Mitchell’s personality; winning back the Senate majority in 1986; the Senate Majority Leader race of 1989; George Mitchell’s departure from the Senate; partisanship; and an anecdote about George Mitchell and Senator John Warner during an “old-style” filibuster.
Date: 1881-07-06
Access: Open access
- includes frontmatter; "Commencement Number" issue
Date: 1883-06-13
Access: Open access
- includes frontmatter; "Ivy Number" issue