Showing 4621 - 4630 of 5713 Items
Attention training for reducing spider fear in spider-fearful individuals
Date: 2010-10-01
Creator: Hannah E. Reese, Richard J. McNally, Sadia Najmi, Nader Amir
Access: Open access
- Cognitive theorists propose that attentional biases for threatening information play an important role in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders. If attentional biases for threat figure in the maintenance of anxiety, then the experimental reduction of the bias for threat (attention training) should reduce anxiety. We randomly assigned 41 spider-fearful individuals to receive either attention training (n=20) or control procedures (n=21). We used a modified dot-probe discrimination paradigm with photographs of spiders and cows to train attention. Training reduced attentional bias for spiders, but only temporarily. Although both groups declined in spider fear and avoidance, reduction in attentional bias did not produce significantly greater symptom reduction in the training group than in the control group. However, reduction in attentional bias predicted reduction in self-reported fear for the training group. The reduction in attentional bias for threat may have been insufficiently robust to produce symptom reduction greater than that produced by exposure to a live spider and spider photographs alone. Alternatively, attention training may be an unsuitable intervention for spider fear. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Probing the National Geoscience Faculty Survey for Reported Use of Practices that Support Inclusive Learning Environments in Undergraduate Courses
Date: 2019-07-17
Creator: Rachel J. Beane, Karen S. McNeal, R. Heather Macdonald
Access: Open access
- What is the extent to which college and university geoscience faculty report using education practices that contribute to more inclusive learning environments and engage a diverse population of students? In the 2016 National Geoscience Faculty Survey, faculty answered questions about their practices in a specific introductory or major course they had taught in the previous two years, and about how they share and learn about the content and methods used in their teaching. Based on factor analysis, 22 of the survey questions divided into four categories associated with inclusive teaching practices: geoscientist representations, curricular choices, learning strategies, and career pathways. The self-reported use of practices across these four categories varies greatly, with some used by as many as 71% of faculty respondents whereas others by only 8%. These data provide new information on the current state of teaching practices in the geosciences with regard to inclusive practices, and establish a baseline to which responses from future surveys may be compared. Univariate general modeling combined with ANOVA tests on the responses to the questions shows that education practices differ based on variables such as teaching style, communication with colleagues, years of teaching experience, faculty type, institution type, class size, and course type (introductory or major). These differences suggest opportunities for focused geoscience faculty development around education practices that support the success of a diverse population of undergraduate students and the enhancement of inclusive learning environments in the geosciences.
Waterborne cues from crabs induce thicker skeletons, smaller gonads and size-specific changes in growth rate in sea urchins
Date: 2009-04-01
Creator: Rebecca Selden, Amy S. Johnson, Olaf Ellers
Access: Open access
- Indirect predator-induced effects on growth, morphology and reproduction have been extensively studied in marine invertebrates but usually without consideration of size-specific effects and not at all in post-metamorphic echinoids. Urchins are an unusually good system, in which, to study size effects because individuals of various ages within one species span four orders of magnitude in weight while retaining a nearly isometric morphology. We tracked growth of urchins, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (0.013-161.385 g), in the presence or absence of waterborne cues from predatory Jonah crabs, Cancer borealis. We ran experiments at ambient temperatures, once for 4 weeks during summer and again, with a second set of urchins, for 22 weeks over winter. We used a scaled, cube-root transformation of weight for measuring size more precisely and for equalizing variance across sizes. Growth rate of the smallest urchins (summer: diameter; winter: diameter) decreased by 40-42% in response to crab cues. In contrast, growth rate of larger urchins was unaffected in the summer and increased in response to crab scent by 7% in the winter. At the end of the 22-week experiment, additional gonadal and skeletal variables were measured. Cue-exposed urchins developed heavier, thicker skeletons and smaller gonads, but no differences in spine length or jaw size. The differences depended on urchin size, suggesting that there are size-specific shifts in gonadal and somatic investment in urchins.
Information-Processing Approaches to Understanding Anxiety Disorders
Date: 2008-09-04
Creator: Richard J. McNally, Hannah E. Reese
Access: Open access
- Experimental psychopathologists have used cognitive psychology paradigms to elucidate information-processing biases in the anxiety disorders. A vast literature now suggests that patients with anxiety disorders are characterized by an attentional bias for threatening information and a bias toward threatening interpretations of ambiguous information. A memory bias favoring recall of threatening information occurs in panic disorder, but rarely in other anxiety disorders. New treatments involving the experimental modification of cognitive biases are promising.
Daniel Putnam Brinley: The Impressionist Years
Date: 1978-01-01
Creator: Margaret Burke Clunie
Access: Open access
- Catalogue of an exhibition held at Bowdoin College Museum of Art, Brunswick, Me., Apr. 14-June 18, 1978.
The Disembodied Spirit
Date: 2003-01-01
Access: Open access
- Exhibition catalog: Bowdoin College Museum of Art, Sept. 25-Dec. 7, 2003; Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art (Kansas City, Mo.), Mar. 5-May 23, 2004; Austin (Texas) Museum of Art, Sept. 11-Nov. 28, 2004 Includes essays by Tom Gunning and Pamela Thurschwell.
Using metabolic oligosaccharide engineering to induce immune-mediated cell killing of bacterial pathogens Access to this record is restricted to members of the Bowdoin community. Log in here to view.
Date: 2020-01-01
Creator: Brendan H. Pulsifer
Access: Access restricted to the Bowdoin Community
Pectin dependent cell adhesion restored by a mutant microtubule organizing membrane protein
Date: 2021-04-01
Creator: Bruce D. Kohorn, Jacob Dexter-Meldrum, Frances D.H. Zorensky, Salem Chabout, Gregory, Mouille, Susan Kohorn
Access: Open access
- The cellulose-and pectin-rich plant cell wall defines cell structure, mediates defense against pathogens, and facilitates plant cell adhesion. An adhesion mutant screen of Arabidopsis hypocotyls identified a new allele of QUASIMODO2 (QUA2), a gene required for pectin accumulation and whose mutants have reduced pectin content and adhesion defects. A suppressor of qua2 was also isolated and describes a null allele of SABRE (SAB), which encodes a previously described plasma membrane protein required for longitudinal cellular expansion that organizes the tubulin cytoskeleton. sab mutants have increased pectin content, increased levels of expression of pectin methylesterases and extensins, and reduced cell surface area relative to qua2 and Wild Type, con-tributing to a restoration of cell adhesion.